{"id":103,"date":"2013-04-23T17:27:41","date_gmt":"2013-04-23T17:27:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ingai.agr.br\/?page_id=103"},"modified":"2013-04-23T17:27:41","modified_gmt":"2013-04-23T17:27:41","slug":"leite-de-bufala","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.ingai.agr.br\/?page_id=103","title":{"rendered":"Leite de B\u00fafala"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica; font-size: small;\">Segundo dados da Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Italiana de Produtores (AIA), a produ\u00e7\u00e3o m\u00e9dia das 12.813 b\u00fafalas controladas em 1993 foi de 1.912 Kg com 8,1% de gordura e 4,54% de prote\u00ednas, sendo que 23% submetidas a uma ordenha di\u00e1ria (m\u00e9dia inferior a 1800Kg) e o restante a duas ordenhas (m\u00e9dia de 2400Kg). Outras informa\u00e7\u00f5es na literatura apontam para produ\u00e7\u00f5es de 1.700 Kg (Murrah) e 2.130Kg (Murrah B\u00falgaro), na Bulg\u00e1ria, de 1.725Kg na Venezuela (Faz. Terecay), e m\u00e9dia de 1.050 Kg no Brasil. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica; font-size: small;\">A produ\u00e7\u00e3o de grupos de elite mostra produ\u00e7\u00f5es m\u00e9dias anuais de 2.524Kg na Bulg\u00e1ria, 2.943 Kg na It\u00e1lia, 2.700 Kg na Yogusl\u00e1via, 2.964Kg no Paquist\u00e3o, 1.769Kg no Egito e 1.725Kg na Venezuela. Na fazenda Paineiras da Inga\u00ed, obtivemos em 1994 uma m\u00e9dia de produ\u00e7\u00e3o ajustada a 305 dias de 3.456 Kg (m\u00e9dia de produ\u00e7\u00e3o total na lacta\u00e7\u00e3o de 2.600Kg) .<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ingai.agr.br\/x\/leite.1.gif\" width=\"543\" height=\"300\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica; font-size: small;\">A curva de lacta\u00e7\u00e3o na It\u00e1lia apresenta um pico de produ\u00e7\u00e3o entre 35\/50 dias ap\u00f3s a pari\u00e7\u00e3o, mantendo ap\u00f3s um plat\u00f4 relativamente constante, com dura\u00e7\u00e3o vari\u00e1vel de acordo com o potencial gen\u00e9tico do animal, caindo para cerca de 3 a 4 Kg\/d ao final da lacta\u00e7\u00e3o. A composi\u00e7\u00e3o do leite \u00e9 tamb\u00e9m vari\u00e1vel, de acordo com a fase de lacta\u00e7\u00e3o, conforme discutido anteriormente.Na fazenda Paineiras da Inga\u00ed, observamos o seguinte comportamento da produ\u00e7\u00e3o relativa m\u00e9dia das vacas (100% = m\u00e1xima produ\u00e7\u00e3o). <\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica; font-size: small;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ingai.agr.br\/x\/image15.gif\" width=\"589\" height=\"324\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica; font-size: small;\">Tem influencia na produ\u00e7\u00e3o a ordem da cria, elevando-se, segundo nossa observa\u00e7\u00e3o de forma significativa at\u00e9 a terceira cria. Assim, como estimativa de produ\u00e7\u00e3o poder\u00edamos, na falta de fatores mais acurados, estabelecer um fator de corre\u00e7\u00e3o de 42% da 1a. para a 3a. lacta\u00e7\u00e3o, e de 11% da segunda para a terceira. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica; font-size: small;\">A introdu\u00e7\u00e3o de uma segunda ordenha di\u00e1ria, obviamente com uma oferta adequada de alimentos, promove um aumento de cerca de 30-35% na produ\u00e7\u00e3o leiteira.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica; font-size: small;\">Estudos na It\u00e1lia avaliam as necessidades alimentares da b\u00fafala para produ\u00e7\u00e3o de leite em 1.003 a 1.603 Kcal de ME\/Kg de 4% FCM, variando de acordo com a fase de lacta\u00e7\u00e3o, o que resulta numa efici\u00eancia de produ\u00e7\u00e3o leiteira da b\u00fafala na primeira fase da lacta\u00e7\u00e3o da ordem de 47%, sendo as necessidades prot\u00e9icas inferiores \u00e0s recomendadas pela NRC para bovinos, com efici\u00eancia de utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de prote\u00ednas de 61%.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;\"><b><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Melhoramento da Produ\u00e7\u00e3o Leiteira<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica; font-size: small;\">A introdu\u00e7\u00e3o da insemina\u00e7\u00e3o artificial vem permitindo um evolu\u00e7\u00e3o gen\u00e9tica mais acelerada nos pa\u00edses em que vem sendo adotada, visto permitirem a realiza\u00e7\u00e3o de testes de prog\u00eanie e ado\u00e7\u00e3o de melhor sele\u00e7\u00e3o paterna.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica; font-size: small;\">Na It\u00e1lia, ap\u00f3s a introdu\u00e7\u00e3o do registro geneal\u00f3gico em 1979, observou-se que o processo de sele\u00e7\u00e3o promoveu ganhos de cerca de 200 Kg\/lacta\u00e7\u00e3o (de 1.700 a 1.900 Kg). Em 1980\/82, cerca de 0,7% da popula\u00e7\u00e3o de b\u00fafalas produziam mais que 3.000 Kg por lacta\u00e7\u00e3o, percentual que se ampliou para 2,5% em 1990\/92.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica; font-size: small;\">Na Fazenda Paineiras da Inga\u00ed, observamos uma evolu\u00e7\u00e3o das produ\u00e7\u00f5es ajustadas a 305 dias mais acentuada, visto que, a partir de produ\u00e7\u00f5es m\u00e9dias de cerca de 1.000Kg por lacta\u00e7\u00e3o observadas em 1972, atingimos em 1996 uma m\u00e9dia de 3.503 Kg. E, em 1987\/90, cerca de 2,1% das f\u00eameas no rebanho produziram mais de 3.000 Kg, evoluindo para 8,6% em 1992\/94. Tal evolu\u00e7\u00e3o, acreditamos, foi devida em grande parte pelo melhor manejo alimentar dos animais, introdu\u00e7\u00e3o da segunda ordenha e pelo processo seletivo, envolvendo taxas de reposi\u00e7\u00e3o de cerca de 25-30% em determinadas fases da cria\u00e7\u00e3o. e a utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de touros Murrah puros de ascend\u00eancia reconhecidamente de alta produ\u00e7\u00e3o leiteira.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica; font-size: small;\">\u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b><i>Frequ\u00eancia (%) de produ\u00e7\u00e3o leiteira anual ajustada para 305 dias ,<br \/>\ncorrigidas para 3a. lacta\u00e7\u00e3o e 2 ordenhas di\u00e1rias.<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<div align=\"center\"><center><\/p>\n<table width=\"517\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"1\" cellpadding=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\" width=\"14%\" height=\"16\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica; font-size: small;\"><b>Ano<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"7%\" height=\"16\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica; font-size: small;\"><b>F\u00eameas<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"6%\" height=\"16\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica; font-size: small;\"><b>M\u00e9dia(Kg)<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\" height=\"16\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica; font-size: small;\"><b>&lt;2000<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"8%\" height=\"16\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial,Helvetica; font-size: small;\"><b>2000-2500<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\" width=\"10%\" height=\"16\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>2500-3000<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15%\" height=\"16\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>&gt;3000<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><b>1987<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">122<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">1,380<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" width=\"15%\">84%<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">15%<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" width=\"10%\">1%<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" width=\"15%\">0%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><b>1988<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">77<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">1,347<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" width=\"15%\">97%<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">1%<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" width=\"10%\">1%<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" width=\"15%\">0%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><b>1989<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">79<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">2,300<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" width=\"15%\">33%<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">41%<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" width=\"10%\">15%<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" width=\"15%\">11%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><b>1990<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">107<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">2,521<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" width=\"15%\">17%<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">35%<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" width=\"10%\">29%<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" width=\"15%\">20%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><b>1991<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">85<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">2,366<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" width=\"15%\">20%<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">39%<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" width=\"10%\">32%<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" width=\"15%\">9%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><b>1992<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">62<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">2,795<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" width=\"15%\">6%<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">19%<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" width=\"10%\">40%<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" width=\"15%\">34%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><b>1993<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">81<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">2,508<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" width=\"15%\">10%<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">44%<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" width=\"10%\">27%<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" width=\"15%\">19%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><b>1994<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">64<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">2,928<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" width=\"15%\">7%<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">14%<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" width=\"10%\">34%<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" width=\"15%\">45%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><b>1995<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">43<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">3,456<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" width=\"15%\">5%<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">0%<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" width=\"10%\">14%<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" width=\"15%\">81%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\"><b>1996<\/b><\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">22<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">3,452<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" width=\"15%\">5%<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\">5%<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" width=\"10%\">5%<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" width=\"15%\">85%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/center><\/div>\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Fazenda Paineiras da Inga\u00ed &#8211; 1987 a 1996<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">Um aspecto muito importante no melhoramento da produ\u00e7\u00e3o leiteira reside, em nosso entendimento, na melhora do manejo alimentar desta esp\u00e9cie, ainda pouco estudada para as condi\u00e7\u00f5es e tipo de manejo desenvolvido em nosso pa\u00eds. As respostas a alimentos de melhor qualidade s\u00e3o bastante animadoras, mostrando que boa parte da menor produtividade da esp\u00e9cie com rela\u00e7\u00e3o aos bovinos \u00e9 decorrente deste manejo deficiente. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">A variabilidade da produ\u00e7\u00e3o leiteira nas b\u00fafalas \u00e9 ainda muito ampla, o que nos permite afirmar que a intensifica\u00e7\u00e3o do processo de melhoramento gen\u00e9tico encontra na esp\u00e9cie um excelente potencial de desenvolvimento. A utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de moderna biotecnologia, acreditamos, vir\u00e1 dar um novo impulso ao processo de melhoramento e aumento da produ\u00e7\u00e3o leiteira. Assim, j\u00e1 vem sendo testados para utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o a r-BST (somatotropina), cujos trabalhos preliminares apontam para uma boa resposta na produ\u00e7\u00e3o em b\u00fafalas (cerca de 20%). As t\u00e9cnicas de insemina\u00e7\u00e3o artificial vem se difundindo rapidamente nas cria\u00e7\u00f5es particularmente no Sudeste e Sul do pa\u00eds, j\u00e1 existindo dispon\u00edveis s\u00eamen de touros de ascend\u00eancia produtiva excelentes (como Montenegro da Inga\u00ed). Outra t\u00e9cnica hoje muito estudada, apesar de n\u00e3o dispon\u00edvel para utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o comercial, \u00e9 a transfer\u00eancia de embri\u00f5es, cujo primeiro produto no pa\u00eds nasceu em 1995 na Fazenda Paineiras da Inga\u00ed. Com rela\u00e7\u00e3o aos reprodutores utilizados no processo de melhoramento, com base nas m\u00e9dias de produ\u00e7\u00f5es ajustadas a 305 dias em que dispomos de informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre a produ\u00e7\u00e3o das m\u00e3es e das respectivas produ\u00e7\u00f5es ajustadas de suas filhas, verificamos as informa\u00e7\u00f5es abaixo relativas \u00e0 influ\u00eancia dos pais no aumento da produ\u00e7\u00e3o leiteira. Apesar das restri\u00e7\u00f5es quanto \u00e0s altera\u00e7\u00f5es de manejo havida entre cada gera\u00e7\u00e3o, tais informa\u00e7\u00f5es s\u00e3o um indicativo da capacidade de melhoramento de cada reprodutor.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>Compara\u00e7\u00e3o da produ\u00e7\u00e3o ajustada para 305 dias e 3<\/b><sup><b>a<\/b><\/sup><b> lacta\u00e7\u00e3o de m\u00e3es e filhas por reprodutor utilizado<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial;\"><b>.<\/b> <\/span><\/p>\n<div align=\"center\"><center><\/p>\n<table width=\"571\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\" height=\"13\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>Touro<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"14%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>N\u00ba Observ.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>Prod. M\u00e3es<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>Prod. Filhas<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>% Aumento<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>Aumento Kg<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\" height=\"13\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>25-Meia Noite<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"14%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>20<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>1.467<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>1.621<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>+ 10%<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>+ 154<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\" height=\"13\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>248-Sert\u00e3ozinho<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"14%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>29<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>1.429<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>2.067<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>+ 45%<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>+ 638<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\" height=\"13\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>404-Lampe\u00e3o<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"14%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>20<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>1.428<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>2.182<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>+ 53%<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>+ 754<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\" height=\"13\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>405-Bingo<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"14%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>3<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>1.728<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>2.124<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>+ 23%<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>+ 396<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\" height=\"13\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>450-Yuri<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"14%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>23<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>1.432<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>1.827<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>+ 28%<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>+ 395<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\" height=\"13\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>574-Azhor<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"14%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>21<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>1.350<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>1.598<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>+ 18%<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>+ 248<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\" height=\"13\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>709-Bai\u00e3o<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"14%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>9<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>1.818<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>2.124<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>+ 34%<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>+ 611<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\" height=\"13\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>717-Sombra<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"14%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>18<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>1.791<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>2.626<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>+ 47%<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>+ 835<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\" height=\"13\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>854-Colosso<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"14%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>15<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>2.359<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>3.224<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>+ 37%<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>+ 865<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\" height=\"13\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>913-Montenegro<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"14%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>7<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>2.455<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>3.475<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>+ 42%<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>+ 1.020<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\" height=\"13\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>1008-Obalua\u00ea<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"14%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>42<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>1.977<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>2.443<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>+ 24%<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>+ 466<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"19%\" height=\"13\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>1486-Top\u00e1zio<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"14%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>7<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>2.814<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>3.427<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>+ 22%<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"17%\" height=\"13\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>+ 613<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/center><\/div>\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;\"><b>Fonte: Fazenda Paineiras da Inga\u00ed (1972 a 1994)<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: medium;\"><b><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">O leite de b\u00fafalas<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">O leite de b\u00fafalas apresenta caracter\u00edsticas particulares que o diferenciam do leite bovino, das quais poder\u00edamos ressaltar; maior teor de gordura (107%), com menor teor de colesterol total (20%), maior teor de prote\u00ednas (34%), maior teor de s\u00f3lidos totais (48%),menor teor de s\u00f3dio, cloro e pot\u00e1ssio e maior teor de c\u00e1lcio e magn\u00e9sio. <\/span><\/p>\n<div align=\"center\"><center><\/p>\n<table width=\"351\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\" width=\"50%\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>Composi\u00e7\u00e3o do LEITE<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"25%\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>B\u00fafalos<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"25%\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b>Bovinos<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\" width=\"33%\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">Densidade a 15\u00baC<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"33%\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">1.034<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"33%\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">1.031<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\" width=\"33%\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">S\u00f3lidos Totais<\/span><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"33%\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">17,5%<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"33%\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">12,8 %<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\" width=\"33%\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">Prote\u00ednas<\/span><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"33%\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">4,0%<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"33%\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">3,5%<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\" width=\"33%\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">Lip\u00eddios<\/span><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"33%\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">8,0%<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"33%\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">3,5%<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\" width=\"33%\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">Lactose<\/span><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"33%\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">4,9%<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"33%\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">4,7%<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\" width=\"33%\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">Cinzas<\/span><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"33%\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">0,8%<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"33%\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">0,7%<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\" width=\"33%\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">Colesterol Total e Livre<\/span><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"33%\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">214 mg%<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"33%\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">319 mg%<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\" width=\"33%\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">\u00c1gua<\/span><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"33%\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">82,00%<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"33%\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">87,30%<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/center><\/div>\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: xx-small;\">Fonte: Carreale e Citro &#8211; 1.990<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">O leite apresenta composi\u00e7\u00e3o vari\u00e1vel conforme a fase de lacta\u00e7\u00e3o, variando o teor de gordura de 6-7% ao in\u00edcio da lacta\u00e7\u00e3o at\u00e9 12-14% ao final, e a prote\u00edna de 4% ao in\u00edcio, at\u00e9 5,6% ao final.Com rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 prote\u00edna, 77 a 79% da mesma \u00e9 representada por case\u00edna, e o restante por soroprote\u00ednas. Quando \u00e0 gordura, apresenta quantidade de colesterol total inferior \u00e0 dos bovinos. Apresenta maior teor de c\u00e1lcio e magn\u00e9sio, e menor teor de s\u00f3dio, pot\u00e1ssio e f\u00f3sforo, traduzindo uma rela\u00e7\u00e3o Ca\/P de 1,71, superior \u00e0 dos bovinos (1,31). Quanto ao poder cal\u00f3rico, tem cerca de 1,5 a 1,9 vezes mais calorias que o leite bovino. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">O leite de b\u00fafalas contem n\u00edveis mais elevados de lactoferrina, que lhe conferem uma maior atividade antimicrobiana. Sua microflora \u00e9 rica em algumas esp\u00e9cies de lactobacilos, presentes em concentra\u00e7\u00f5es superiores ao do leite bovino, respons\u00e1veis pelo aroma e sabor peculiar dos queijos produzidos com este leite, bem como pela acidifica\u00e7\u00e3o da coalhada. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\">Estas caracter\u00edsticas particulares explicam seu alto rendimento industrial, quando transformado em derivados, justificando seu emprego quase que exclusivamente para a industrializa\u00e7\u00e3o na It\u00e1lia. Assim, 12 Kg de leite de b\u00fafalas com 7,5% de MG e 4,5% de prote\u00ednas, produzidos por b\u00fafalas em in\u00edcio de lacta\u00e7\u00e3o, equivalem a 18,4 Kg de leite bovino com 4% de MG e, 6Kg de leite de b\u00fafalas com 10% de MG e 5% de prote\u00ednas, produzidas por b\u00fafalas em final de lacta\u00e7\u00e3o, equivalem a cerca de 11,5 Kg de leite bovino a 4% MG.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Segundo dados da Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Italiana de Produtores (AIA), a produ\u00e7\u00e3o m\u00e9dia das 12.813 b\u00fafalas controladas em 1993 foi de 1.912 Kg com 8,1% de gordura e 4,54% de prote\u00ednas, sendo que 23% submetidas a uma ordenha di\u00e1ria (m\u00e9dia inferior a &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ingai.agr.br\/?page_id=103\">Continue lendo <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ingai.agr.br\/?page_id=103\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Leite de B\u00fafala -\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Segundo dados da Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Italiana de Produtores (AIA), a produ\u00e7\u00e3o m\u00e9dia das 12.813 b\u00fafalas controladas em 1993 foi de 1.912 Kg com 8,1% de gordura e 4,54% de prote\u00ednas, sendo que 23% submetidas a uma ordenha di\u00e1ria (m\u00e9dia inferior a &hellip; 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